What is the Indian Knowledge System?

The Indian system of knowledge refers to the traditional framework of knowledge that has developed in India over thousands of years. Indian Knowledge System (IKS) is a systematic and structured approach to transfer knowledge from one generation to the next. It distinguishes itself as a process of knowledge transfer rather than just a tradition. It covers a wide range of fields including philosophy, science, mathematics, medicine (Ayurveda), art, literature and spirituality. Moreover, IKS rooted in these serves as the basic principle adopted by the National Education Policy (NEP-2020) today.
Here are some key components of IKS:
- Philosophy: Indian philosophy includes various schools such as Vedanta, Samkhya, Yoga, and Nyaya, each exploring fundamental questions about existence, consciousness, and ethics.
- Science and Mathematics: Ancient Indian scholars made significant contributions to mathematics (like the concept of zero and the decimal system) and astronomy (with texts like the Aryabhatiya).
- Ayurveda: This traditional system of medicine focuses on balancing bodily systems and emphasizes preventive care through diet, lifestyle, and herbal remedies.
- Art and Architecture: Indian aesthetics include diverse art forms, music, dance, and architecture (e.g., temples, palaces), reflecting deep cultural and spiritual significance.
- Literature: Sanskrit texts like the Vedas, Upanishads, and epics (Mahabharata and Ramayana) are foundational, alongside regional literature in various languages.
- Spiritual Practices: Yoga and meditation practices have roots in ancient Indian traditions, emphasizing physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.
The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) embodies wisdom from ancient India, explains its achievements and challenges, while reflecting India’s future aspirations in areas such as education, health, environment and various aspects of life. Focusing on holistic health, psychology, neuroscience, nature, and sustainable development, this knowledge system integrates various disciplines and emphasizes the interconnectedness of all knowledge.